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An ocean current can be defined as a horizontal movement of seawater in the ocean. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters, interacting with evaporation, sinking of water at high latitudes, and the Coriolis force generated by the earth’s rotation.

Even the largest coral reef and the biggest coral colony start life as a diminutive pelagic larva, and the choices that such larvae make with regards to where they settle have consequences that cascade through the entire reef ecosystem. A coral reef clearly is more than the sum of the component corals…

Interspecific competition occurs between members of two, or more, different species. Individuals may compete over a variety of limiting resources including food, water, light, soil resources, or space.

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The material presented here tends to resume the literature dealing mainly with the structural description of the microbial loop and discusses some functional aspect in action within the microbial food webs.

Transpiration is the term used to describe the transport of water through an actual, vegetated plant into the atmosphere. Transpiration is an important part of the evapotranspiration process, and a major mechanism of the water cycle in the atmosphere.