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Introduction

Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturi, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as…

Bunyan Bryant, Ph.D. is the Director of the Environmental Justice Initiative at the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment. He teaches two environmental justice courses and speaks at college campuses and professional conferences throughout the nation. He is a member of the League of Conservation Voters Education Fund and the […]

Introduction

In many respects, the scientific debate is irrelevant. For the business community, climate change represents an impending market shift – one that will both alter existing markets and create new ones. It will not be unlike shifts that have occurred in the past, when consumer needs changed, or technology…

Transpiration

Transpiration is the term used to describe the transport of water through an actual, vegetated plant into the atmosphere. Transpiration is an important part of the evapotranspiration process, and a major mechanism of the water cycle

Introduction

The world’s natural forests are experiencing land use change due to both proximate (direct) and underlying (indirect) causes. Direct causes include immediate human land use activities that change forest cover…

The Earth’s atmosphere contains several different layers that can be defined according to air temperature. Figure 1 displays these layers in an average atmosphere. According to temperature, the atmosphere contains four different layers. The first layer is called the troposphere. The depth of this layer varies from about 8 to 16 kilometers. Greatest depths occur at…

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Introduction

Energy transitions are the changes from one state to another in the energy system; a given state of the system is defined by specific patterns of both energy supply and demand quantities and qualities. Energy transitions can be described in terms of three major interdependent characteristics: quantities (growth in amounts…

Dr. Olurominiyi Ibitayo is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Urban Planning and Environmental Policy, School of Public Affairs, Texas Southern University in Houston, Texas. Ibitayo’s research interests and experience include environmental risk assessment, risk communication and emergency preparedness, ethnic minority environmental research and population-environment interrelationship.